He was born as the second son to Chola king Sundarachola and Vanavanmadevi. He was named Arunmozi by them. When Aditya karikalan died, the people of the Chola country wanted to make him the next king however Arunmozi’s uncle (father’s brother) Madurantakan was aspiring for the throne. Knowing this, Arunmozi made him king and let him rule for 15 years. In 985 C.E after the death of Madurantakan Arunmozi accepted the throne. It was during this time that he was named Rajaraja. He lost his parents at an young age. He grew up all his life under the care of his grandmother, Sembiyanmadevi and sister Kundavai Pirattiyar.
Rajaraja had many wives. Among them Lokamadevi was his queen in reign. Through Vanavanmadevi he had a son Madurandakan alias Rajendra Cholan. Rajendran Chola has two sisters Madevi adigal and Kundavai.
Rajaraja who had taken the country after the Pallava reign understood very early in life that war and strife will stunt the growth of his kingdom. Hence, he developed the culture, art, religion and education during his time so much so that it is not an exaggeration to state that tanjavur became a seat of art and music.
One of his greatest victories was the victory at kandalur salai.
Natya:
407 dancers, 7 nattuvanars, assistant singers, moraviyam, vangiyam singers, padaviyam singers, veena players, aryam singers, sankha blowers etc. In all there were 539 artistes in the temple during the chola reign.
The names, village names, place of work (temple they were attached to), the strret in tanjur were they lived, direction and house number have been mentioned for all the 408 dancers. The names of all the musicians, the manyams given to them, their work ethics, rules and norms to be followed have been inscribed in what can be called one of the longest epigraph at the temple.
Karana Series
They are the earliest in the series we find in Tamil nadu. They are performed by a male figure, identified as Siva. They are an incomplete series with only 81 karanas. They are in the exact order as told in the Natya sastra, starting from talapuspaputam to sarpitam.
My obsession with Rajaraja, the periya koil and the chola contribution to the world of dance is immense. I was so particular, adamant if you will that all other kings and eras simply fell behind the great chola times! In a way, they do. But i was blinded. So, when my lecturer asked me if I would like to write about the contributions of lesser known kings, I coughed up a very arrogant answer about how that would make my work insignificant. Now I didnt want that. So, it has to be Rajaraja or no No one else !
I did exactly that. I wrote about him and how he has represented Indian art especially Bhartanatyam in this visually stunning sculptural series and immortalized the Natya sastra in the south. At a time when communication was difficult, its amazing how what Bharata wrote as a grammer was sculpted on the walls at tanjavur. It only clearly shows that the karanas were very much in vogue and were in use in the south indian dance as well and that Natya sastra was very well known.
As a conclusion to my article on him and the big temple I added a a few paragraphs on the later kings who ruled Tanjavur and who added their own contributions to the great temple that Rajaraja had built.
I wrote about the Nayak kings and their additions. I wrote about the Marattas and their contributions. I ended the article with the mighty role of the Tanjore quartette (the four brothers) who I believe are the architects of modern day bharatanatyam.
Little did I know that with writing that article I had paid a visit to the Attic!
The attic at tanjavur!
More in the next post.
Swarnamalya Ganesh
from below the great Attic!
And finally she decided to share her immense knowledge with us lesser mortals. I'll be waiting with bated breath for the next one in the series!
ReplyDeleteExcellent article, kudos to you Swarnamalya!! Good to see someone remembering and writing about our ancient history. I can understand how much hard work would have undergone to write this beautiful article. It would be great if you can put some pointers/references to some of the articles. Keep up this good work...couldn't wait more for your next article.
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